To visit Brunei, the visa requirements depend on your nationality, the purpose of your visit, and the length of your stay. Below are the common types of visas and requirements:

Visa-Exempt Countries: Citizens of certain countries are exempt from needing a visa for short stays:
14-day visa-free entry: Nationals from countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and New Zealand
30-day visa-free entry: Nationals from United Kingdom, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates
90-day visa-free entry: Nationals from The US, Canada, Germany, and several other European Union countries

Tourist Visa:
For those not eligible for visa exemption, a tourist visa is required. This can usually be obtained at a Brunei diplomatic mission or via eVisa.

A single-entry tourist visa is typically valid for up to 30 days and can be extended once in-country.

Business Visa:
A business visa is available for individuals visiting Brunei for business purposes. This visa generally requires an invitation letter from a company or organization in Brunei.

Business visas are often valid for short stays, typically 30 days, and can be single or multiple entry depending on the applicant’s needs.

Transit Visa:
If you are transiting through Brunei and will not leave the airport, you may not need a visa. However, if you wish to enter the country during your transit, you can apply for a transit visa, usually valid for a stay of up to 72 hours.

eVisa:
Brunei offers an eVisa system for several nationalities, allowing travelers to apply online before arriving. This is an easy option for those who do not have a Brunei embassy in their country.

Work and Residence Permits:
For longer stays or if you plan to work, you will need a work visa and possibly a residence permit. This requires sponsorship by an employer in Brunei, who will help facilitate the application.

Documents Needed for Visa Application:
- valid passport (with at least 6 months of validity remaining)
- A completed visa application form
- Passport-sized photographs
- Return flight ticket or onward travel documentation
- Proof of accommodation or an invitation letter
- Visa fees (depending on visa type and entry length)

For more detailed or updated information, always check with the Brunei High Commission or Embassy in your country, or refer to the official Brunei immigration website.

Brunei has not experienced any recent terrorist attacks, and the country maintains a very low risk of terrorism.

Brunei has not experienced any recent terrorist attacks, and the country maintains a very low risk of terrorism. Brunei is considered one of the most stable countries in Southeast Asia, with strict law enforcement and Sharia law contributing to a highly secure environment. There are minimal internal or external security threats, including terrorism, largely due to effective government controls and proactive participation in regional and global counter-terrorism initiatives.

For example, Brunei has been an active member of the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC), working closely with other nations to address regional and global terrorism threats. Brunei's participation in international meetings and its focus on combating violent extremism at the regional level further solidify its position as a safe country with minimal domestic terrorism risks.

Overall, Brunei remains safe for travelers and residents, with strong security measures in place and no recent history of terrorism incidents.

Before visiting Brunei, it's essential to ensure you are up to date on certain vaccinations and immunizations based on your health history and travel plans. Here is a list of recommended vaccines for travelers:

Routine Vaccinations:
Ensure you are up to date on all routine vaccinations, including:
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP)
- Polio
- Varicella (Chickenpox)
- Influenza

Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A is spread through contaminated food or water, and it is recommended for all travelers visiting Brunei, as it can be contracted even in cities with good sanitation.

Hepatitis B:
Spread through contact with blood or bodily fluids, Hepatitis B is recommended for those who may engage in activities involving close contact with the local population or those requiring medical procedures.

Typhoid:
Typhoid fever is also spread through contaminated food and water. The vaccine is particularly important if you plan to eat food from street vendors or in rural areas.

Japanese Encephalitis:
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne illness that is present in Southeast Asia, though it is rare in Brunei. Vaccination may be recommended if you plan to visit rural or agricultural areas for an extended period, particularly during the rainy season (October to March).

Rabies:
Rabies vaccination is typically recommended only for travelers who will be spending time outdoors, especially in rural areas, or those working with animals, as rabies exists in some parts of Southeast Asia.

Cholera:
Cholera vaccination is not typically required for Brunei but may be recommended in case of a recent outbreak or if you plan to visit areas with poor sanitation.

Malaria Prevention:
Malaria is not a significant risk in Brunei, so antimalarial medication is generally not necessary for travelers. However, mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever do occur, so it's advisable to use mosquito repellents and protective clothing.

Other Considerations:
Traveler's diarrhea: Although not a vaccine, it's wise to carry anti-diarrheal medications and oral rehydration salts as food and water safety standards vary.

It’s recommended to consult with a travel clinic or healthcare provider at least 4-6 weeks before your trip to ensure all vaccinations are up to date.

Public Transportation in Brunei:
Public transportation in Brunei is relatively limited compared to neighboring Southeast Asian countries, as most residents prefer to drive. Here are the main modes of transportation available:

Buses:
Public buses are the most common form of public transport in Brunei, though they are not widely used by locals. Buses are inexpensive, with fares costing around BND 1 per trip. The bus network covers Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital) and other key areas, but routes are somewhat limited and service may be infrequent, especially outside peak hours.

Buses generally operate between 6 AM and 6 PM, with limited evening services. Routes are numbered and run to major towns, airports, and points of interest. However, tourists often find the system confusing, and locals tend to rely on cars for daily transport.

Taxis:
Taxis are available in Brunei but are relatively expensive compared to other countries in the region. They are not widely used by locals, and taxis can be hard to find, particularly outside of major areas like Bandar Seri Begawan or the airport.

There is no ride-hailing app like Uber or Grab operating in Brunei, but some private companies offer ride-booking services.

Water Taxis:
In Kampong Ayer, a historic water village on the Brunei River, water taxis are a popular mode of transport. They are used to navigate the waterways between homes and the mainland and provide a unique way to explore the area for tourists.

Rental Cars:
Due to the limited public transportation options, many visitors choose to rent a car. Several car rental companies operate in Brunei, and the road infrastructure is good, making self-driving a convenient option.

Driving in Brunei::

Driving License:
Foreign visitors can drive in Brunei using their home country’s driving license for a limited period (usually up to 3 months), as long as it is in English or accompanied by an International Driving Permit (IDP).

If you plan to stay for an extended period, you will need to apply for a Bruneian driving license.

Road Conditions:
The roads in Brunei are generally in good condition, with well-maintained highways and a well-developed road network. Traffic congestion is minimal, except during peak hours in major areas like Bandar Seri Begawan.

Brunei follows left-hand driving, and traffic rules are strictly enforced, including speed limits and seat belt requirements.

Fuel and Parking:
Fuel is inexpensive in Brunei, making driving an affordable option. Parking is readily available, and most hotels, shopping centers, and tourist spots have ample parking space.

Conclusion:
While public transportation options such as buses and water taxis exist, they are limited in scope, and most locals and visitors prefer to use private cars or rentals. Visitors can drive using their foreign driving license or an IDP for short stays, but should familiarize themselves with local driving rules and conditions.